Looking around at the choices available in tomato plants, it’s easy to get confused. What do they mean by determinate and indeterminate—not to mention semi-determinate? Should one buy an heirloom or a hybrid? Everyone knows what a cherry tomato is—but what is the difference between a beefsteak and a salad tomato?
Determinate and Indeterminate
Determinate varieties are also known as bush tomatoes. They stop growing when fruit sets on the top bud, ripen most of their fruit in a short period, usually 2 weeks and then die. They generally require no staking or caging and are usually early-maturing. Pruning is not recommended, the fruit is generally about the size of a salad tomato. Determinate varieties are most suitable for containers.
Indeterminate varieties are also called ‘vining’ tomatoes. They grow, bloom, and produce fruit until the end of the growing season (generally first frost). These almost always require staking or caging for support, and the prevent buds and garden pests from feeding on them if they sprawl on the ground.
Non-hybrid, Heirloom and Hybrid
Tomatoes are usually self-pollinating. A non-hybrid tomato is one that has been allowed to self-pollinate to produce non-hybrid seed. Gardeners can save seed of non-hybrid tomatoes to plant the next season’s crop. Non-hybrid tomatoes will grow true from seed. Non-hybrid, cultivated varieties propagated and saved for many generations are often known as heirloom varieties.
Hybrid tomatoes have two genetically different parents that are crossed each year to produce the hybrid tomato seed. Although hybrid tomatoes do produce seed, the seeds will not have the characteristics of the hybrid.
General Types
Beefsteak Tomatoes -- are known for large size and thick, meaty flesh. The pulp cavity of this type is mall and may resemble a ‘marbled’ steak—hence the name. This meatiness makes them hold together well when sliced, and the large size makes them great for sandwiches. One slice does the trick! Beefsteaks usually take 80 or more days to ripen.
Salad Tomatoes -- also referred to as globe or slicing tomatoes, this variety is medium-sized, meaty enough to hold together well, and juicy. The smaller size makes them popular for salad wedges (bite-sized), or sliced to accompany a meal. Ripens in 60 to 70 days depending on variety.
Cherry Tomatoes -- measuring an inch or less in diameter, these tomatoes make excellent bite-sized nibbles or tasty additions to salads. Cherry tomatoes are also great for grilling on skewers. Sub-types include grape and currant tomatoes, which are smaller in size but slightly sweeter than regular cherry tomatoes.
Plum Tomatoes -- these are egg-shaped tomatoes that have thick skin and flesh. They are less juicy than most other varieties, which makes them good candidates for baking, canning, and broiling. They also do well for sauces and paste.
Paste Tomatoes -- these are dryer than other varieties; many plum tomatoes are also 'paste tomatoes.' They are good for making tomato paste and dried tomatoes.
See our Tomatoes Information Sheet for more on planting, fertilizing, diseases, insect pests, cracking catfacing and bloom end rot. |